> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.mage.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# PostgreSQL

> How to configure PostgreSQL as a destination in Mage to write pipeline data into a PostgreSQL table using direct database credentials and optional schema/table controls.

![PostgreSQL logo](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78053898/198754309-2ef713a7-62c8-4ea8-9ebb-8c24ed038cb3.png)

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## Overview

Use **PostgreSQL** as a destination in Mage to export structured data from your pipelines directly into a PostgreSQL table. Mage supports both self-hosted and cloud-hosted PostgreSQL instances such as **bit.io**, **Supabase**, **Render**, and **AWS RDS**.

Mage will automatically create the target table and insert pipeline output rows into it, with support for schema selection, lowercase column naming, and reserved keyword handling.

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## Configuration Parameters

Provide the following credentials when setting up PostgreSQL as a destination:

| Key        | Description                                                 | Example Value                  | Required |
| ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------- |
| `database` | Name of the PostgreSQL database where data will be written. | `demo`                         | ✅        |
| `host`     | Hostname or IP address of the PostgreSQL server.            | [`db.bit.io`](https://bit.io/) | ✅        |
| `port`     | Port used by the PostgreSQL service. Default is `5432`.     | `5432`                         | ✅        |
| `username` | Username with access to the target database and schema.     | `guest`                        | ✅        |
| `password` | Password for the PostgreSQL user.                           | `abc123...`                    | ✅        |
| `schema`   | Name of the schema where the table will be created.         | `public`                       | ✅        |
| `table`    | Name of the table Mage will write records into.             | `dim_users_v1`                 | ✅        |

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## Optional Parameters

| Key                    | Description                                                                                                                                           | Example Value     |
| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| `skip_schema_creation` | If `true`, Mage will skip running `CREATE SCHEMA`. Use this if the schema already exists. [See issue](https://github.com/mage-ai/mage-ai/issues/3416) | `true`            |
| `lower_case`           | If `true`, Mage will convert all column names to lowercase. Default is `true`.                                                                        | `true`            |
| `allow_reserved_words` | If `true`, Mage will allow column names that are PostgreSQL reserved words. Default is `false`.                                                       | `true` or `false` |

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## Notes

* PostgreSQL is a widely supported open-source relational database—ideal for analytics, app backends, and transformations.
* Ensure the user has `CREATE TABLE`, `INSERT`, and optionally `CREATE SCHEMA` privileges.
* Mage supports exporting data to **existing tables** or **creating new tables** based on the pipeline output schema.
* If your database is hosted on platforms like Heroku, AWS RDS, or bit.io, make sure the network settings allow inbound connections from Mage.

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## Related Resources

* [PostgreSQL Documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/)
* [bit.io Free PostgreSQL Hosting](https://bit.io/)
* [PostgreSQL Reserved Keywords](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-keywords-appendix.html)
* [SQLAlchemy PostgreSQL Dialect](https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/dialects/postgresql.html)